- ประโยค Passive Voice ที่ไม่ต้องการ Preposition ‘by’
ประโยค Passive Voice ที่ไม่นิยมใช้ by + object ในประโยคเพราะไม่ต้องการเน้นผู้กระทำ (agent) คือผู้กระทำนั้นไม่สำคัญและไม่จำเป็นที่จะต้องมีอยู่ในประโยค เช่น
- People in Italy speak Italian. (Active Voice)
Italian is spoken in Italy. (Passive Voice)
เราไม่จำเป็นต้องใช้คำว่า by people เพราะเราเห็นแน่ชัดแล้วว่าภาษาอิตาเลียนนั้นต้องมีคนเป็นผู้พูด (by people)
- Men have climbed Mount Everest many times. (Active Voice)
Mount Everest has been climbed many times. (Passive Voice)
ประโยคนี้ไม่จำเป็นจะต้องถามว่าใครเป็นผู้ปีนเขา เพราะฉะนั้นจึงไม่ต้องใส่คำว่า by men
- คำ Personal Pronoun เช่น me , you , us , him , her , them ไม่ต้องใส่ไว้หลัง by ในประโยค Passive Voice
= They will build a new road through here soon.
= A new road will be built through here soon.
= She is cooking the dinner now.
= The dinner is being cooked now.
- คำ Everyone , Everybody , Someone , Somebody , No one , Nobody ไม่ต้องใส่ไว้ในประโยค Passive Voice เช่น
= Everyone must obey the law. (Active Voice)
= The law must be obeyed. (Passive Voice)
= Everybody learns English in this school. (Active Voice)
= English is learned in this school. (Passive Voice)
= Someone has stolen my money. (Active Voice)
= My money has been stolen. (Passive Voice)
= No one ever obeys Tom. (Active Voice)
= Tom is never obeyed. (Passive Voice)
EXERCISE : I ประโยค PASSIVE VOICE ที่ไม่ต้องการ PREPOSITION ‘BY’
EXERCISE 15
- Rewrite these sentences using passive form. Think why you do not need to use ‘by’ agent.
- Someone knocked Jimmy down and broke his leg yesterday.
Yesterday Jimmy was knocked down and his leg was broken.
- They were painting the fence when someone told them to stop.
The fence was being painted when they were told to stop.
- Everyone must read the notice.
The notice must be read.
- Nobody has ever liked Robert.
Robert has never been liked.
- They will postpone the football match.
The football match will be postponed.
- Man has conquered space.
Space has been conquered.
- Somebody is making fun of us.
We are being made fun of.
- People listened to the radio before someone invented television.
The radio was listened to before television was invented.
- No one had loved him before.
He had never been loved before.
- We are going to hold the competition.
The competition is going to be held.
- Rewrite these sentences using the Passive Voice. Don’t say who performed the action.
- They close the library at five o’clock every afternoon.
The library is closed at five o’clock every afternoon.
- Someone will paint the gate next week-end.
The gate will be painted next week-end.
- Nobody asked Bill to sing.
Bill was not asked to sing.
- People aren’t going to hold the meeting tonight.
The meeting is not going to be held tonight.
- They can mend this television set.
This television set can be mended.
- People mustn’t park cars on that road.
Cars mustn’t be parked on that road.
- People made Smith captain of the team.
Smith was made captain of the team.
- They won’t finish the new bridge next month.
The new bridge won’t be finished next month.
- Somebody has opened our door.
Our door has been opened.
- They’ll broadcast that programme again.
That programme will be broadcast again.
- ประโยคPassive Voice ที่ต้องการคำ preposition ‘by’
เพื่อแสดงให้เห็นว่าใครเป็นผู้กระทำอาการนั้น ๆ ในกรณีเช่นนี้จะต้องมี by + Object ในประโยค Passive Voice ด้วย เช่น
= Charles Dickens wrote this book.
= This book was written by Charles Dickens.
(ถ้าไม่มีคำว่า by Charles Dickens แล้ว ประโยคจะไร้ความหมาย)
= A falling rock hit Joe on the head.
= Joe was hit on the head by a falling rock.
ผู้กระทำกริยานี้จำเป็นต้องมีไว้ประโยค Passive Voice เพื่อให้ความหมายเด่นชัดขึ้น
= A snake did not bite her , a bee strung her.
= She wasn’t bitten by a snake , she was strung by a bee.
- กริยาช่วย(auxiliary verb) ต่าง ๆ may , might , can , could , must , ought to , shall , should , has to , have to , etc. ให้ใช้ be + Past Participle มาต่อท้ายเมื่อทำเป็นประโยค Passive Voice ดังนี้คือ
|
may , might can , could must , have to + be + past Participle ought to etc. |
You ought to open the window.
The window ought to be opened.
My teacher can speak German.
German can be spoken by my teacher.
The pupils should obey the teacher.
The teacher should be obeyed.
- ประโยค Active Voice ที่มีกรรม 2 ตัว (double objects) สามารถทำเป็น Passive Voice ได้ 2 แบบ
- The Headmistress gave me a prize. (Active Voice)
แบบที่ 1 I was given a prize by the Headmistress.
แบบที่ 2 A prize was given to me by the Headmistress.
- They showed us the palace where the Royal family lived. (Active Voice)
แบบที่ 1 We were shown the palace where the Royal family lived.
แบบที่ 2 The palace where the Royal family lived was shown to us.
แม้ว่าทั้ง 2 แบบ จะถูกต้องทั้งคู่ แต่ก็นิยมใช้แบบที่ 1 คือเอา Personal Object ซึ่งเป็นกรรมรองมาเป็นประธานของประโยค Passive Voice
EXERCISE : PASSIVE VOICE II. , III. , IV.
EXERCISE 16
Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice with a personal subject.
- They showed me a lovely necklace.
I was shown a lovely necklace.
- A friend lent me that pen.
I was lent that pen by a friend.
- I gave him a cake for his birthday.
He was given a cake for his birthday.
- Did he offer you the job I told you about ?
Were you offered the job you were told about?
- Did anyone send you the photographs ?
Were you sent the photographs?
- The teacher asked them a very difficult question.
They were asked a very difficult question by the teacher.
- His father promised him a bicycle if he passed the examination.
He was promised a bicycle by his father if he passed the examination.
- My friends told me the bad news this morning.
I was told the bad news by my friends this morning.
- The teacher taught him Italian.
He was taught Italian by the teacher.
- Jim bought me a novel last weekend.
I was bought a novel by Jim last weekend.
- ประโยคที่มี Question Words อยู่หน้าประโยคให้คงคำเหล่านั้นไว้หน้าประโยคเหมือนเดิม ยกเว้นคำว่า who ให้เปลี่ยนเป็น by whom นอกนั้นมีกฎการเปลี่ยนเหมือนเดิม
= What will you give me ?
= What will I be given by you ?
= Where did you see the snake ?
= Where was the snake seen ?
= When will you finish you essay ?
= When will you essay be finished ?
= Why did he punished children ?
= Why were his children punished?
= Who wrote ‘Oliver Twist’ ?
= By whom was ‘Oliver Twist’ written ?
= Which dress did you buy ?
= Which dress was bought by you ?
- ประโยคคำสั่งหรือคำห้าม (Imperative Sentence) เมื่อทำเป็นประโยค Passive Voice ให้ใช้
| Let + object + be + past participle |
= Don’t kill the tiger.
= Let the tiger not be killed.
= Open you book.
= Let your book be opened.
= Do it.
= Let it be done.
= Send for the doctor.
= Let the doctor be sent for.
หมายเหตุ : รูปประโยค passive voice ข้างต้นนี้ ปัจจุบันไม่นิยมใช้
- ประโยคที่มี
เมื่อทำเป็นประโยค Passive Voice Preposition หรือ Adverb นั้นจะต้องอยู่หลังคำกริยาเสมอ
= I must write to him. (prep.)
= He must be written to.
= We can play with these cubs quite safely. (prep.)
= These cubs can be played with quite safely.
= They threw away the old newspaper. (adv.)
= The old newspapers were thrown away.
- พวก adverb of Manner เช่น well , badly etc. ให้วางไว้หน้ากริยาช่องที่ 3 (Past Participle) ในประโยค Passive Voice
= They did the work well.
= The work was well done.
= She dressed her children badly.
= Her children were badly dressed.
